Ulwakhiwo lwe-Co-Extrusion WPC Cladding oluneZintlu ezimbini: Idatha yokusebenza kwentsimi evela kwiiprojekthi ezi-3 zokuhlaziya izakhiwo zangaphandle ezijongiweyo I (2018–2025)
📌 Iiprojekthi ezintathu zokulungiswa kwezakhiwo endizijongileyo eManchester, eStuttgart, naseSingapore ziqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo esineengqimba ezimbini zokukhupha amanzi sinikezela ngeenzuzo zokusebenza ezilinganisekayo — ukufunxwa kwamanzi okungaphantsi kwe-1%, utshintsho lombala lwe-ΔE
Ndisebenza eNingbo Yida Wood-Plastic Technology Co., Ltd. (YD)Umzi-mveliso weWpc) apho ndisebenza njengoMphathi weNtengiso yokuThumela ngaphandle, kwaye mna ngokwam ndijongene nokufakwa kwe-co-extrusion WPC cladding kwiiprojekthi zokulungiswa kwangaphandle kwezakhiwo ezingaphezu kwama-200 ukusukela ngo-2018. Kwindima yam ndisebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo nabayili bezakhiwo, abakhi abaqhelekileyo, kunye nabanini bezakhiwo kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eMntla Melika, nakuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia. Yonke iprojekthi endiyindwendwelayo iqinisekisa ukuba ulwakhiwo lwe-co-extrusion olunemigangatho emibini alulo ibango lokuthengisa - sisisombululo sobunjineli kwiindlela zokusilela endizibonileyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-single-extrusion WPC cladding yesizukulwana sokuqala. Esi sikhokelo sabelana ngoko ndikufundileyo kwezo projekthi, kunye nedatha evela kwiindawo ezintathu endandibandakanyeka kuzo ngokuthe ngqo.
Kutheni Ndikholelwa Kwisakhiwo EsineZiteya Ezimbini: Iminyaka Esi-7 Yokuqwalaselwa Kwentsimi
Ndihambe kwiindonga zeeprojekthi zokuhlaziya ezingaphezu kwama-200 kumazwekazi amathathu, kwaye ndigcina irekhodi leefoto zesiza ngasinye endisityelelayo. Ndikhangela into efanayo ngalo lonke ixesha: ngaba i-cladding isebenza njengoko kuchaziwe? Endikubhalileyo rhoqo kukuba i-WPC yethu yokudibanisa, echazwe kakuhle kwaye ifakiweyo, isusa iindlela ezine zokusilela ezithile ezithintela ubomi benkonzo ye-WPC yesizukulwana sokuqala ukuya kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 kunokuba abanini bezakhiwo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-25 belindele.
Ukusilela 1 — Ukuqhekeka komphezulu. Ndibone i-WPC ephuma kwi-single-extrusion ivelisa ii-micro-cracks kwiminyaka emi-3-5 emva kokufakelwa. Indlela esebenza ngayo isoloko ifana: i-wood fiber kumphezulu ifunxa umswakama kwaye yanda, idala ii-stress risers ezisasazeka rhoqo ngomjikelo ngamnye owomileyo nomanzi. Igobolondo lethu elinamaleko amabini lithintela oku ngokugcina yonke i-wood fiber ngaphakathi kwi-polymer envelope. Akukho projekthi kwipotifoliyo yethu engaphezu kwama-200 ebonakalise ukuqhekeka komphezulu.
Ukusilela 2 — Ukuphela kombala. Ndizihlolile izinto ezifakelwe i-WPC yesizukulwana sokuqala ezijonge emazantsi apho umbala ubonakale unyamalala kwaye ungalingani kwiminyaka emibini. Iziqinisi ze-UV kwimveliso ye-extrusion enye ziwohloka kuba zisasazeke kuyo yonke iprofayili - isiqingatha sazo sichithakala ngaphantsi komphezulu apho i-UV ingafiki khona. Iqokobhe lethu langaphandle ligxila kwiphakheji ye-UV stabilizer (HALS + UV absorber kwi-0.3–0.5% kunye ne-0.2–0.4% ngobunzima) kumaleko womphezulu we-0.5–0.8 mm apho ukuvezwa kwe-UV kwenzeka khona ngokwenene. Idatha yethu yentsimi ibonisa ukuba umbala ukhawuleza ngokulinganayo nesikali esingwevu emva kweminyaka emi-4–5 nangaphezulu.
Ukusilela 3 — Ukudaya Umphezulu. Ndibone inkunkuma yeentaka, iitannins zamagqabi, kunye namabala eoyile yokupheka efunxwa ngokusisigxina kumphezulu onemingxuma we-WPC yesizukulwana sokuqala. Ifayibha yomthi kumphezulu isebenza njengesiponji. Iqokobhe lethu langaphandle ngumphezulu wepolymer ongenamingxuma esiwuvavanye ngokwe-ISO 10545-14 - umlinganiselo wokususa amabala 4–5 kuzo zonke iiarhente zokufaka amabala eziqhelekileyo. Iarhente yokucoca eqhelekileyo iyayisula icocekile.
Ukusilela 4 — Ukudumba komphetho. Esi sesona sikhalazo sixhaphakileyo endisivayo kubakhi. Xa i-WPC yokukhupha i-single-extrusion isikiwe ubude kwindawo leyo, isiphelo esisikiweyo siveza i-wood fiber ngqo emvuleni nasekufumeni. Isenzo se-capillary sifaka umswakama embindini, sibangele ukudumba okubonakalayo kwiinyanga ezili-12-18. Inkqubo yethu yokukhupha i-co-extrusion igubungela isiseko ngokupheleleyo - igobolondo le-polymer lijikeleza isiseko ngexesha lokukhupha, livale isiphelo esisikiweyo. Ndinezixhobo zokufaka ezineminyaka emi-5 ubudala apho isiphelo esisikiweyo sibukeka sifana nomhla ezifakwe ngawo.
Xa umntu oza kuthengisa imveliso ebuza ukuba kutheni imveliso yethu ibiza ngaphezulu kwama-30-50% kune-single-extrusion WPC, andimthumeli i-datasheet. Ndivula i-log yeprojekthi yam ndize ndibabonise iifoto ezikufutshane ze-single-extrusion WPC eneminyaka emi-5 ubudala xa kuthelekiswa ne-co-extrusion yethu eneminyaka emi-5 ubudala evela kwiiprojekthi ezikwindawo efanayo yemozulu. Loo thelekiso olubonakalayo luvale izivumelwano ezininzi zokuthengisa imveliso kunayo nayiphi na enye into endiyenzileyo kumsebenzi wam.
Indlela Esilawula Ngayo Umgangatho Kwifektri Yethu
Ndityelela umgangatho wethu wemveliso ubuncinci kabini ngeveki. Inkqubo yethu yokukhupha kunye isebenzisa ii-extruders ezimbini ezivumelanisiweyo — enye ye-extruder yangaphandle yegobolondo kunye nenye ye-inner core — zitya kwi-co-extrusion die enye eyilwe liqela lethu lobunjineli. Siqhuba iisampulu zovavanyo lwe-peel (ASTM D903) rhoqo kwi-200 m yeprofayili, kwaye mna ndihlaziya ngokwam isishwankathelo samandla e-bond veki nganye. Ngo-2024, iziphumo zethu zovavanyo lwe-peel eziqhelekileyo zaziyi-31 N/cm xa kuthelekiswa nobuncinci bethu be-25 N/cm. Sala i-1.2% yemveliso ngaloo nyaka ngamandla e-bond angaphantsi kobuncinci. Ndafunda ngendlela enzima ngo-2020 ukuba ibhetshi ye-organic pigment evela kumthengisi omtsha yayingenalo uzinzo lwe-UV olufanayo nee-pigment zethu ze-metal oxide ezisemgangathweni — silahlekelwe bubudlelwane bomsasazi waseYurophu ngenxa yokufiphala kombala okubangelwe yi-ISO 4892-2 ngaphambi kokuba siyivume imveliso. Eso sifundo sisibizele umthengi, kodwa siphucule ngokusisigxina inkqubo yethu ye-QC.
Iiprojekthi Ezintathu Zokuhlaziya EndiziLawulayo Mna
Iprojekthi 1: Ihotele iFacade Retrofit, eManchester, e-UK
Ndityelele le ndawo ekwindla ka-2021 xa iqela lethu lalungisa i-facade yehotele yeminyaka yoo-1970 enemigangatho emine. I-facade yezitena ekhoyo yayinokungena komswakama kwiindawo zokudibanisa i-floor slab, kwaye iqela lethu lobuchwephesha lachaza inkqubo yokugquma ephuma umoya ukuze ihambise i-moisture plane ngaphandle. Umenzi wekontrakta wakhetha i-co-extrusion WPC yethu ngaphezu kwe-fiber cement kuba wayefuna into enye engayi kugquma umswakama kwimiphetho enqunyiweyo kwaye engasayi kufuna ukupeyintwa - iimfuno endizivayo kuyo yonke iprojekthi yokuhlaziya endisebenza kuyo. Sinikezele nge-2,400 m² yephaneli ethe tyaba ye-YD216H25 kwi-aluminium furring kwiziko le-400 mm. Xa ndibuya ekuqaleni kuka-2025 emva kweenyanga ezingama-42 - imijikelo emine epheleleyo yasebusika kwi--5 ukuya kwi-5°C kunye ne-freeze-thaw ephindaphindwayo - iisampulu zethu zokusika zelebhu ye-QC ezivela eludongeni olufakelweyo kwaye zalinganisa ukufunxwa kwamanzi kwe-0.8% kwi-ASTM D570 nganye. Umlinganiselo wethu yi-1%. Ukulinganiswa kombala kwiKonica Minolta CM-2600d kubonise i-ΔE engaphantsi kwe-0.8 xa kuthelekiswa neqela lemveliso yokuqala — iliso lomntu alinakukwazi ukubona utshintsho lombala ngaphantsi kwe-ΔE 2.0. Umyili wezakhiwo undixelele ukuba abaphathi behotele abazange babhale umnxeba omnye wokulungisa kwiinyanga ezingama-42.
Iprojekthi yesi-2: I-Residential Terrace, eStuttgart, eJamani
Ndidibene ngokuthe ngqo nombutho wabanini bezindlu kule ndlu yokuhlaziya ii-terrace zokuhlala ezineeyunithi ezili-12 entwasahlobo ka-2022. I-siding yokuqala yomthi yayifikelele esiphelweni emva kwemijikelo emibini yokudaya, kwaye umbutho uchaze indawo enobomi benkonzo obungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25 - into endiyidibana rhoqo namaqela eendawo zokuhlala aseYurophu. Sinikezele nge-860 m² yeprofayili yethu yolwimi kunye nomngxuma kwi-forring yokhuni oluphathwe ngoxinzelelo, kunye nezikhewu zokwandiswa kwe-6 mm ngokweenkcukacha zethu zokufakela kunye nee-clip ezifihliweyo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Phakathi kowama-2025 ndihlolisise ingxelo yokuhlolwa komenzi: emva kweenyanga ezingama-36, bekungekho bungqina bokudaya komswakama, ukukhula kwesikhunta, okanye uhlaselo lwebhayoloji kumphezulu okanye kwiziphelo zokusikwa. Iziphelo zokusikwa ekubuyiselweni kweefestile kunye ne-corner trims - ebezinokubonisa ukufuma kwi-WPC ye-extrusion enye - azizange zitshintshe kuba igobolondo lethu le-polymer lalizivalile ngexesha lokudaya.
Iprojekthi 3: Isakhiwo soRhwebo, eSingapore
Kule sakhiwo sorhwebo esinemigangatho emithathu kwimozulu yetropiki yaseSingapore (imvula yonyaka eyi-2,400 mm, umswakama ophakathi we-84%, unyaka wonke yi-25–33°C), umyili wethu uchaze i-co-extrusion WPC phezu kweepaneli ze-aluminium composite. Ndisebenze kwinkcazo: imveliso yethu inika malunga ne-0.4 W/m²K ixabiso elingcono le-U kune-uninsulated metal cladding, kwaye sisusa amajoyinti e-sealant aqinileyo okugcinwa afunwa ziinkqubo zephaneli zesinyithi kwiindawo ezishushu. Sifake i-600 m² ye-YD219H26 iprofayili yokudibanisa ekuqaleni kuka-2023. Emva kweenyanga ezingama-30, iqela lolondolozo lwesakhiwo lenze umfanekiso wobushushu ukujonga umswakama emva kwe-cladding. I-scan ayibonisanga pateni yokuqokelela umswakama kwindawo yokudibanisa i-cladding-to-substrate. Ukufunxwa kwamanzi kwethu okungaphantsi kwe-1% kuthintele ukwakheka komswakama okunxulumene nokufuma okuyeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokusilela kokufakelwa kwe-cladding eshushu. Umphezulu wethu awubonisanga kufiphala okubonakalayo nangona ukuvezwa kwe-UV index 11+ okuqhubekayo.
Uthelekiso Lokusebenza: Idatha Yethu Xa Ithelekiswa Nokukhutshelwa Kodwa
| Ipropati | Indlela yoVavanyo | I-WPC yethu ye-Co-Extrusion | I-WPC yokukhupha enye |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukufunxwa kwamanzi (iiyure ezingama-24) | I-ASTM D570 | 3–8% | |
| Ukukhawuleza koMbala (iiyure eziyi-3,000) | I-ISO 4892-2 | Isikali esingwevu 4–5 | Isikali esingwevu 2–3 |
| Ukumelana nokuQhotsa kweNqande | KWI-15534 | Dlula imijikelo engama-300 | Iguquguqukayo — idla ngokusilela |
| Ukumelana nokukrwela | I-ASTM D3363 | Ipensile ye-H–2H | Ipensile ye-4B–HB |
| Ukususwa kwamabala | I-ISO 10545-14 | Uvavanyo 4–5 | Uvavanyo 2–3 |
| Ukugcinwa Komphezulu | — | Akukho nanye | Coca + phinda uvale rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2-3 |
| Ubomi beNkonzo (Indawo yokuhlala) | Idatha yentsimi | Iminyaka engama-25–30 nangaphezulu | Iminyaka eli-10–15 |
Oko Ndikufundileyo Kwiminyaka Esi-7 Yokugquma I-WPC
Ndibe kweli shishini ukusukela ngo-2018. Kwiminyaka yam yokuqala ndenza iimpazamo. Ndandimthemba umthengisi wemibala owathi imibala yabo yendalo yayizinzile kwi-UV. Bendingachanekanga. Ndalahlekelwa bubudlelwane nomthengisi ngo-2020 ngenxa yokufiphala kombala. Ndifunde kuloo nto. Ngoku ndivavanya yonke imibala ngokwam kwilebhu yethu. Andixhomekekanga kwizatifikethi zomthengisi. Ndiqhuba iiyure ezingama-3,000 zokuhla kwemozulu ngokukhawuleza kwaye ndihlola iziphumo. Ngumgangatho wam lowo.
Ndityelela iindawo zeprojekthi. Ndithatha iifoto. Ndilinganisa umbala. Ndijonga iziphelo ezisikiweyo. Ndithetha nabathengisi. Ndibabuza ukuba babona ntoni. Omnye umthengisi eJamani undixelele ukuba i-cladding yethu imgcinele utyelelo lokubuyela kathathu ngonyaka ukuze apeyinte izinto ezintsha. Ubalele loo mali kwi-€2,400 ngonyaka kuloo projekthi inye. Ndisebenzisa elo nani xa ndithetha nabathengisi abanokubakho. Ndibabonisa ne-log yam yeefoto ze-single-extrusion WPC engasebenzi emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Ndineefoto zomphezulu oqhekekileyo, imibala efipheleyo, imiphetho evuvukileyo. Ndigcina ezo foto kwifowuni yam. Ndizisebenzisa yonke imihla kumsebenzi wam wokuthengisa. Ziyakholisa ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na incwadana endakha ndayibhala.
Ndikholelwa ukuba isakhiwo sethu esineengqimba ezimbini esidityanisiweyo sesona sikhetho sifanelekileyo sobunjineli sokuhlaziya ngaphandle kwesakhiwo. Ndikholelwa oku kuba ndikubone kusebenza. Ndikubone kwiihotele eManchester, kwizakhiwo zokuhlala eStuttgart, kwizakhiwo zorhwebo eSingapore. Ndibone kungekho zibizo zokulungisa, akukho zibango zewaranti, akukho kubola okubonakalayo. Obo bubungqina bam. Yiloo nto ndibelana ngayo nabo bonke abasasazi kunye nabayili bezakhiwo endidibana nabo.
Oko Kuthethwa Ngabasasazi Bethu Ngathi
Ndidibana nabasasazi bethu ubuncinane kanye ngekota. Ingxelo endiyivayo rhoqo ayisiyo malunga neenkcukacha zobugcisa zemveliso yethu - imalunga nokungaguquguquki komgangatho wethu kunye nokuphendula kwenkxaso yethu. Umsasazi wethu eJamani undixelele kutshanje ukuba kwiminyaka emithathu yokuthengisa i-WPC yethu edibeneyo, akakaze afumane ibango lewaranti kumfaki okanye kumnini wesakhiwo. Umsasazi wethu eSingapore uthe idatha yokusebenza kobushushu esiyinikileyo ibancedile ukuvala iinkcukacha nomphuhlisi omkhulu wezorhwebo obesebenzisa i-WPC yaseYurophu engeniswe ngaphandle ngexabiso eliphindwe kabini kunelethu. Ndigcina irekhodi lale ncoko kwi-CRM yam, kwaye ndibhekisela kuzo xa sakha ubudlelwane obutsha nomsasazi. Ndikholelwa ukuba ukuthengisa okungcono kwemveliso yokwakha yirekhodi yokufakela okusebenza ngokwenene kwintsimi - kungekhona amabango akwiphepha ledatha. Yiyo loo nto ndityelela iisayithi ezininzi zeprojekthi kangangoko ndinako kwaye ndibhale phantsi oko ndikubonayo. Eli nqaku lolwandiso lwaloo ndlela.
Iindlela Zokusebenza Komlilo Esizinikezelayo
Senza amanqanaba amathathu okusebenza komlilo. Iiprofayili zethu ezisemgangathweni zifikelela kwiCandelo C nge-ASTM E84 (Flame Spread Index 76–200). Kwizakhiwo zorhwebo ezingaphezulu kwe-18 m ukuphakama ngokweemfuno ze-IBC, sinikezela ngeeprofayili eziphuculweyo ezithintela umlilo kwiCandelo B (FSI 26–75) kunye nomgca ozinikeleyo othintela umlilo kwiCandelo A (FSI 0–25). Isongezelelo se-FR songeza i-8–12% kwixabiso lezinto. Sinikezela ngamaxwebhu apheleleyo esiqinisekiso sazo zonke iiklasi ezintathu, kubandakanya udidi lwe-EN 13501-1 (B–s1, d0 kumgca wethu we-FR) olufunekayo ngokweekhowudi zezakhiwo zaseYurophu.
Ucwangciso lweeContainer kunye neLogistics
Ngokusekelwe kumava ethu okuthumela ngaphandle, isikhongozeli se-GP esingama-20 ft sibamba i-800–1,200 m² yesigqubuthelo sethu ngokuxhomekeke kwijiyometri yeprofayili. Izixhobo zokufakela zithatha i-15–20% yomthamo wesikhongozeli. Ubunzima obupheleleyo kwisikhongozeli ngasinye: iitoni ezili-14–18. Izinga lethu lokuqhekeka kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa kwi-FCL lingaphantsi kwe-0.1%. Kubasasazi abangena kwimarike entsha, ndicebisa uku-odola isikhongozeli esixutyiweyo esineentlobo zeprofayili ezi-2–3 kunye nemibala emibini edumileyo ukuvavanya ukhetho lwemarike ngaphambi kokulinganisa ukuya kubungakanani obupheleleyo be-SKU.
Ixabiso lilonke lobunini beminyaka engama-25
| Izinto eziphathekayo | Ifakiwe ($/m²) | Ukugcinwa kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-25 | 25-I-TCO ($/m²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umthi wendalo (umsedare) | 25–40 | Ibala/ipeyinti rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2-3 | 45–70 |
| Isamente yefayibha | 30–45 | Penda kwakhona rhoqo emva kweminyaka eyi-7–10 | 40–60 |
| Icala lePVC | 18–30 | Akukho nanye | 18–30 |
| I-WPC yethu ye-Co-Extrusion | 35–55 | Akukho nanye | 35–55 |
I-TCO yethu ikhuphisana nesamente yefayibha ngelixa isusa umjikelo wokupeyinta kwakhona. Inzuzo ngaphezu kwemithi yendalo ibonakala emva konyaka we-10 xa imithi ifune imijikelo yolondolozo emi-3-4. Kwiiprojekthi zorhwebo apho iindleko zokufikelela kwi-scaffolding okanye kwi-boom lift ziphezulu, ukususwa kolondolozo yeyona nto iphambili kwezoqoqosho.
Imithombo Yangaphandle
- Iingxelo zoVavanyo lwe-ICC-ES zeeMveliso zokwakha kunye neeNkqubo zokuGqiba
- Imigangatho ye-EN — Imigangatho yaseYurophu yeeNtlanzi-zePlastiki
- Ulwazi lwe-WPC — Izixhobo kunye neMigangatho yoShishino lwePlastiki yoMthi
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ithini i-MOQ yakho ye-OEM co-extrusion cladding?
I-500 m² ngeprofayili nombala. Sinikezela ngokulayisha izikhongozeli ezixutyiweyo ezineeprofayili kunye nemibala emininzi kubasasazi abatsha. Iiodolo zezikhongozeli zihlala ziyi-800–1,200 m² kunye nezixhobo. Ukufaniswa kwemibala ngokwezifiso kuyafumaneka kwiiodolo ezingaphezu kwe-5,000 m² ngombala ngamnye.
Ingakanani ixesha lenkonzo kunye newaranti?
Sinikezela ngewaranti enomda yeminyaka engama-25 kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye neminyaka eli-15 kwiindawo zorhwebo. Ubomi benkonzo obulindelekileyo: iminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu zokuhlala, iminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu yorhwebo. Iwaranti yethu ixhaswa yi-accelerated weathering ngokwe-ISO 4892-2 kunye nedatha yentsimi evela kufakelo lwethu luka-2018–2025.
Zeziphi iziqinisekiso onazo?
Iimveliso zethu ziyahambelana ne-EN 15534-1/-4 ye-EU kunye ne-ASTM D7032 yaseMntla Melika. Sinikezela nge-CE marking kunye neengxelo zovavanyo lwe-ICC-ES. Uvavanyo lomlilo: Umgangatho weKlasi C, ukhetho lokuthintela umlilo lweKlasi B kunye no-A luyafumaneka. Sinikezela ngamaxwebhu apheleleyo okucoca irhafu.
Yintoni umahluko wexabiso xa kuthelekiswa ne-WPC yesizukulwana sokuqala?
I-WPC yethu yokukhupha imveliso kunye ne-co-extrusion ine-premium engama-30–50% ngaphezu kokukhupha imveliso enye. I-premium ibonisa inkqubo yokuvelisa enemigangatho emibini, igobolondo langaphandle le-polymer eyi-virgin, kunye neenkcukacha zokusebenza okuphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-TCO yeminyaka engama-25, imveliso yethu ayibizi kakhulu okanye iphantsi ngenxa yeendleko zokulungisa ezisusiweyo.
Ngaba ungenza imibala eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu?
Ewe. Sinikezela ngeepateni ezili-12 zeenkuni kunye nemibala emi-6 eqinileyo njengesiqhelo. Ukuhambelana kombala we-CIELAb ngokwezifiso kwii-odolo ezingaphezulu kwama-5,000 m². Iinketho zokugqiba umphezulu: iinkozo zomthi ezigobileyo ezinzulu, ezigobileyo ezikhaphukhaphu, ezigudileyo, nezibhrashiweyo. Sikwaxhasa umsebenzi wobugcisa osemgangathweni wefoto.
Ngaba niyazibonelela ngezixhobo zokufakela kunye noqeqesho?
Sinikezela ngephakheji epheleleyo yezixhobo: ii-starter clips, ii-mid-field clips, ii-corner trims, ii-edge trims, kunye neeprofayili zomoya. Sikwabonelela ngeencwadi zokufaka, izikhokelo zevidiyo, kunye noqeqesho olukwindawo okanye olukwi-intanethi kumaqela abafaki-zinkonzo abasasaza izixhobo. Inkxaso yethu ifumaneka ngesiNgesi nangesiTshayina.