I-WPC Cladding vs I-Traditional Wood Cladding: Uhlalutyo lweNzuzo-mali kubakhi bezorhwebo
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- I-WPC (umthi-iplastiki edityanisiweyo) ixabisa ngaphezulu ngama-20-35% kune-softwood elungisiweyo kodwa inika iindleko zokugcina eziphantsi ngama-60-75% kwiminyaka engama-20.
- Itekhnoloji yokudibanisa izinto kunye idala igobolondo le-polymer elikhuselayo elijikeleze umbindi we-WPC, libonelela ngozinzo lwe-UV, ukumelana nokufuma, kunye nokugcinwa kombala okuphumelela ngaphezu kwe-hardwood cladding yekhwalithi ephezulu.
- Abakhi bezorhwebo eYurophu naseMntla Melika batshintshela kwi-WPC cladding kuba I-ASTM D7032 kunye nokuthotyelwa kwe-EN 15534 kwenza kube lula ukuvunywa kwekhowudi yokwakha ngelixa kususwa ukugcinwa kombala kunye nokutywinwa konyaka okufunekayo kukugqunywa kwemithi.
- Ixabiso lilonke leminyaka engama-20 lokuba ngumnini we-WPC cladding liphantsi ngama-35-50% kunelomthi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto, umsebenzi wokuhlaziya, kunye neendleko zokulahla ekupheleni kobomi.
Ixabiso Lokwenene Lokugqunywa Kweenkuni Ekungekho Mntu Uthetha Ngalo Kwinqanaba Lokubhida
Ndichithe iminyaka elishumi edlulileyo ndinceda abathumeli bezixhobo zokwakha eYurophu, eMntla Melika, nakuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia. I-Wpc Decking, ukubiyela, kunye nokubopha okuvela kwiifektri zaseTshayina. Ingxoxo phantse isoloko iqala ngendlela efanayo: umyili wezakhiwo uchaze ukugqunywa kweenkuni (ngokuqhelekileyo i-western red cedar, i-larch, okanye i-thermowood pine), umakhi uxabisa izinto kunye nokufakelwa kwazo, kwaye iprojekthi iqhubela phambili ngento ebonakala ngathi sisisombululo esingabizi kakhulu.
Into engakhange iqukwe kwibhidi yokuqala ziindleko zokulungisa eziqokelelana minyaka le emva kokufakelwa. Ukugqunywa kweenkuni kufuna ukudaywa okanye ukufuthwa ngeoyile rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2-5 kuxhomekeke kuhlobo, ukuchatshazelwa, kunye nohlobo lokugqitywa. Kumantla Yurophu, apho imvula, iqabaka, kunye nokuchatshazelwa yi-UV kukhulu khona, isakhiwo sorhwebo esineemitha zesikwere ezingama-500 zokugqunywa kweenkuni siya kuchitha i-$3,000-6,000 ngomjikelo ngamnye wolondolozo kwi-scaffolding, umsebenzi, kunye nezinto zokwakha - rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-3, ubomi besakhiwo.
Xa ndibonisa abakhi kunye nabanini bezakhiwo uthelekiso lweendleko zobomi beminyaka engama-20 phakathi kwe-cladding yemveli yemithi kunye ne-WPC co-extrusion cladding, amanani ahlala ekhetha i-WPC ngomda obalulekileyo. Nantsi indlela olu hlalutyo olusebenza ngayo.
Yintoni i-WPC Co-Extrusion Cladding kwaye Yenziwa Njani?
I-WPC (umthi-iplastiki edityanisiweyo) yinto eyenziwe ngobunjineli eyenziwe ngomxube wefayibha yomthi (ngesiqhelo yi-50-60%), i-thermoplastic polymer (i-HDPE okanye i-PP, yi-30-35%), kunye nezongezo zokusebenza (5-15%) kuquka iziqinisi ze-UV, imibala yemibala, ii-coupling agents, kunye ne-fungicides. Lo mxube uyafudunyezwa, uxutywe, kwaye ukhutshwe nge-die ukwenza iibhodi ezine-cross-section efanayo.
Ukudibanisa izinto kunye yindlela ebalulekileyo eyahlula i-WPC cladding yanamhlanje kwiimveliso zesizukulwana sokuqala ezidityanisiweyo. Kwinkqubo yokukhupha kunye, i-extruder yesibini isebenzisa umaleko wesigqubuthelo sepolymer okhuselayo (ngobukhulu obuqhelekileyo buyi-0.3-0.7mm) ujikeleze umongo we-WPC njengoko uphuma kwi-die yokuqala. Olu maleko wesigqubuthelo — owenziwe ngezithinteli ze-UV ezixineneyo kunye nemibala — udala umphezulu ovalekileyo okhusela umongo we-wood-fiber ekungeneni komswakama kunye nokuwohloka kwe-UV.
Isiphumo sibhodi yokugquma ejongeka njengomthi wendalo (ngenxa yeepateni zeenkozo ezifakwe kwi-cap layer) kodwa isebenza njenge-polymer esebenza kakhulu. I-WPC co-extrusion cladding YD216H25 iveliswa kumgca we-co-extrusion ozenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo kunye nokubeka iliso kubukhulu be-cap ngexesha langempela ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluqhubekayo kuyo yonke imitha ethe tyaba. Sikwavelisa iimveliso ezincedisayo - kwiiprojekthi ezifuna iphakheji epheleleyo yangaphandle, yethu Uluhlu locingo lweWPC yabelana ngetekhnoloji efanayo yokukhupha kunye nenkqubo yokufanisa imibala.
Uthelekiso lweendleko zomjikelo wobomi beminyaka engama-20: iWPC vs iTimber Cladding
| Udidi lweendleko | Umthi othambileyo ocociweyo (uMphayini/uLarch) | Umthi oqinileyo wePremium (iCedar/Ipe) | Isigqubuthelo se-WPC Co-Extrusion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ixabiso lezinto eziphathekayo (nge-m² nganye) | $25-40 | $60-120 | $35-55 |
| Iindleko zokufakela (nge-m² nganye) | $15-25 | $20-35 | $15-25 |
| Isimbuku sokuqala (nge-m² nganye) | $40-65 | $80-155 | $50-80 |
| Iindleko zokugcinwa ngonyaka (nge-m² nganye) | $3-6 (ukupeyinta/ukuvala) | $2-4 (ukuthambisa ioyile) | $0 (akukho kulungiswa) |
| Ukuhlaziya okubalulekileyo (rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-5, nge-m² nganye) | $8-15 | $5-10 | $0 |
| Ukutshintshwa kwebhodi (iminyaka engama-20, indawo eyi-10%) | $4-8 | $6-15 | $0-2 |
| I-TCO yeminyaka engama-20 (nge-m² nganye) | $110-180 | $120-220 | $52-85 |
Ngenxa yokuba i-WPC co-extrusion cladding ayifuni ukugcinwa rhoqo ngonyaka — akukho kudaywa, akukho kutywinwa, akukho kutshizwa ngeoyile — iindleko zizonke zobunini zeminyaka engama-20 ziphantsi ngama-35-50% kune-softwood ecociweyo kwaye ziphantsi ngama-55-65% kune-woodwood ekumgangatho ophezulu. La manani aba mandundu ngakumbi xa uqwalasela iindleko zescaffolding kwizakhiwo zorhwebo ezinemigangatho emininzi, apho umjikelo omnye wokulungisa unokubiza i-$10,000-20,000 kwizixhobo zokufikelela kuphela.
Uthelekiso lweNtsebenzo: Ukufuma, i-UV, kunye noKuchasana neZinambuzane
Kwabakhi bezakhiwo zorhwebo, iindlela zokusebenza ezibaluleke kakhulu kukuzinza komlinganiselo wokujikeleza kokufuma, ukugcinwa kombala phantsi kokukhanya kwe-UV, kunye nokuxhathisa uhlaselo lwebhayoloji (izinambuzane kunye neefungi).
- Ukufunxwa komswakama: I-cladding yemithi ifunxa umswakama oyi-12-25% ngobunzima xa igcwele, nto leyo ebangela ukudumba, ukugoba, kunye nokuqhekeka. I-cladding ye-WPC co-extrusion ifunxa umswakama ongaphantsi kwe-1% ngobunzima - umaleko we-polymer cap uvala umongo wefayibha yomthi ekudibaneni ngqo namanzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba iibhodi ze-WPC zigcina ukunyamezela kwazo ngobukhulu bayo ngexesha lemvula, ikhephu, kunye nemijikelo yokufuma ngaphandle kwezithuba zokwandiswa kunye nokulungiswa okufunekayo yi-cladding yemithi.
- Ukumelana ne-UV: Imithi engakhuselekanga iyonakala phantsi kwemitha ye-UV — i-lignin kwifayibha yomthi iyawohloka, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umphezulu ube ngwevu kwaye ufiphale kwiinyanga ezi-6-12 emva kokuvezwa. Ngelixa abanye abakhi bezakhiwo beyixabisa le meko yendalo, abanini bezakhiwo zorhwebo abaqhelekanga ukuyixabisa. I-WPC co-extrusion cladding igcina umbala wayo wokuqala kangangeminyaka eli-15-25 kuba umaleko wesiciko uqulethe iziqinisi ze-UV ezixineneyo (ngesiqhelo ii-HALS — iziqinisi ze-amine ezithintelweyo — xa ulayisha nge-2-4%) ezifunxa kwaye zichithe amandla e-UV ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwisiseko sefayibha yomthi.
- Ukumelana nezinambuzane kunye nefungus: Ukufakwa kwemithi emithi kusengozini yokuhlaselwa ziintubi, iincukuthu ezibopha imithi, kunye nokubola kwefungus — ingakumbi kwiindawo ezishushu nezifumileyo. Ukufakwa kwemithi e ...
Ukusebenza koMlilo kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho yoLwakhiwo
Ukusebenza komlilo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiimpahla zokugquma zorhwebo, ingakumbi eYurophu emva kwentlekele yeGrenfell Tower kunye nokuqiniswa kwemithetho yokwakha kulo lonke elase-EU. Nantsi indawo apho ukugquma kweWPC kumi khona kwimeko yokusebenza komlilo:
I-WPC cladding eqhelekileyo (engenazo izongezo ezithintela umlilo) idla ngokufikelela kudidi C okanye udidi D phantsi kwenkqubo yokwahlulahlula umlilo yaseYurophu i-EN 13501-1, ehambelana nokusabela komlilo okufana nomthi oxineneyo. Kwizakhiwo zorhwebo ezifuna ukusebenza komlilo weKlasi B, iifomyula zeWPC ezithintela umlilo ziyafumaneka ezibandakanya izizalisi zeminerali (i-aluminium trihydrate, i-magnesium hydroxide) ngomthwalo we-10-20%.
Isigqubuthelo sethu se-WPC co-extrusion esinefomyula ethintela umlilo sivavanyiwe kwi-EN 13501-1 Class B-s1,d0, ehlangabezana neemfuno zezakhiwo ezingaphezulu kweemitha ezili-18 kwiindawo ezininzi zaseYurophu. Esi songezo esithintela umlilo sifakwa kwi-core compound ngexesha lokwenziwa kwayo — asiyongubo yomphezulu enokuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza komlilo kuxhomekeke kwinto leyo kwaye ayonakalisi xa itshintsha.
Kwiiprojekthi zaseMntla Melika, i-WPC cladding kufuneka ihambelane ne-ASTM E84 (uvavanyo lweSteiner tunnel) yokusasazeka kwelangabi kunye nophuhliso lomsi. Iifomyula eziqhelekileyo ze-WPC zihlala zifikelela kudidi A okanye udidi I (isalathisi sokusasazeka kwelangabi 0-25, isalathisi esiphuhliswe ngumsi 0-450) xa kuvavanywa ngokwe-ASTM E84 nganye.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kofakelo: Indlela i-WPC enciphisa ngayo iindleko zomsebenzi kwindawo
Ngaphaya kokusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo, i-WPC co-extrusion cladding inikezela ngeenzuzo ezininzi zokufakelwa eziguqulela ngqo ekongeni iindleko zabasebenzi kwiiprojekthi zorhwebo:
- Inkqubo yekliphu efihliweyo. Isigqubuthelo sethu se-YD216H25 sisebenzisa isigqubuthelo sentsimbi engagqwaliyo esifihliweyo esingena kwijelo langaphakathi lebhodi. Akukho zikhonkwane zobuso, akukho ziqhoboshelo zibonakalayo, kwaye ibhodi nganye ingena kwenye ngesithuba esifanayo. Le nkqubo ikhawuleza ngama-30-40% ukufakwa kunesigqubuthelo semithi esifakwe ubuso kuba umfaki akufuneki agqobhoze kwangaphambili, aphinde asike, okanye alungelelanise izikhonkwane.
- Akukho mfuneko yonyango lwangaphambi kokuba luqale. Iibhodi zokugquma iinkuni zihlala zifuna ukutywinwa, ukugcwaliswa kwamaqhina, kunye nokudaywa kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokufakwa. Iibhodi zeWPC zilungele ukufakwa ngqo kwiphakheji - zinqunyulwe zibe zinde, ziqhoboshelwe, kwaye zisiwe kwibhodi elandelayo.
- Ukunyamezelana okulinganayo okulinganayo. Iibhodi zeWPC ezikhutshwe efektri zigcina ukunyamezelana okulinganayo kwe-±0.5mm kulo lonke ixesha lemveliso. Iibhodi zemithi yendalo zinokwahluka nge-2-5mm ububanzi kunye nobukhulu phakathi kweebhodi, zifuna ukuhluzwa kunye nokukhethwa kwindawo. Ubukhulu obuhambelanayo beWPC buthetha ukuba ii-joints ezifanayo kunye nokufakelwa okukhawulezayo nokuqikelelwayo.
- Ubunzima obulula. Iibhodi ze-WPC cladding zinobunzima obumalunga ne-2.0-2.5 kg ngemitha nganye ethe tyaba (kwiibhodi ezibanzi ezingama-216mm), xa kuthelekiswa ne-3.0-4.5 kg kwiibhodi ze-hardwood ezifanayo. Oku kunciphisa ubunzima kunciphisa ukudinwa kwabafaki, kwenza kube lula ukwenziwa kwe-scaffolding, kwaye kunciphisa umthwalo wesakhiwo kwi-envelope yesakhiwo.
Iingcamango Ezingachanekanga Eziqhelekileyo Malunga Nokugqunywa Kwe-WPC
Kumava am okunceda abasasazi batshintshele kwi-WPC ukusuka kwimithi, ndidibana neembono ezifanayo eziphosakeleyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukulungisa ezi zinto kwangaphambili kuthintela iimpazamo ezibizayo:
Ingcamango ephosakeleyo 1: "I-WPC ibukeka ngathi yinkohliso." I-WPC yesizukulwana sokuqala yayinobume obufanayo nobuphindaphindayo. I-co-extrusion yanamhlanje ivelisa iipateni zomthi-zeenkozo ezifakwe i-embossed kunye nemibala eyahlukeneyo yendalo. Kumgama wokubukela weemitha ezi-3-5 (oqhelekileyo kwiifacade), nabakhi abanamava abanakukwazi ukwahlula i-WPC esemgangathweni kwimithi ngaphandle kokuyichukumisa. Imveliso yethu isebenzisa iirola ezikroliweyo ze-CNC ezineepateni zomthi ezivela kwiisampuli zomthi wokwenyani, nto leyo eyenza umahluko wobunzulu obuyi-0.5-0.8mm.
Ingcamango ephosakeleyo 2: "I-WPC inzima kakhulu ukuba ingafakwa kwakhona." Kwi-2.0-2.5 kg ngemitha nganye ethe tyaba kwibhodi enobubanzi obuyi-216mm, i-WPC ikhaphukhaphu kunezinye ii-cladding ezininzi ze-hardwood. Ingxaki idla ngokubangelwa kukudideka ngeebhodi ze-decking zesakhiwo. Iibhodi ze-cladding azinasakhiwo kwaye zisebenza nge-batten frameworks eziqhelekileyo.
Ingcamango engeyiyo 3: "I-WPC ayinakukwazi ukujongana nee-curves." Nangona i-WPC ingenakugoba njengemithi ebhityileyo, ukwenza ubushushu kuvumela ukuba kubekho imilo ethambileyo (i-radius engaphezulu kweemitha ezi-3-4). Kwimilo eqinileyo, iiprofayili ze-WPC eziguquguqukayo ezinee-cores ezincinci zivumela i-radii ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezi-2 xa zifudunyezwa ukuya kuma-80-100 degrees C.
Ngenxa yokuba ezi ngcamango ziphosakeleyo zikhokelela ekubeni abakhi bezakhiwo bangayamkeli i-WPC ngaphandle kovavanyo olufanelekileyo, ndicebisa ukuba ndibonelele ngeebhodi zesampulu ezibonakalayo ukuze kusetyenziswe imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kwindawo leyo. Nje ukuba umyili wezakhiwo abone isampulu ye-WPC yemitha ezi-3x3 ecaleni kwenkcazo yomthi, uthelekiso phantse luhlala lukhetha i-WPC kwizicelo zorhwebo.
Izinto eziqwalaselwayo ngokuZinza kunye nokuSingqongileyo
Kwabakhi bezorhwebo abafuna iziqinisekiso zezakhiwo eziluhlaza (i-LEED, i-BREEAM, okanye i-DGNB), ukugqunywa kwe-WPC kuncedisa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zekhredithi:
- Umxholo ophinda usetyenziswe. Iibhodi ze-WPC ziqulathe i-50-60% yefayibha yomthi (evela kwinkunkuma yomthi ephinde yasetyenziswa kunye neemveliso ze-sawmill) kunye ne-30-35% ye-HDPE ephinde yasetyenziswa (iplastiki ephinde yasetyenziswa emva komthengi). Le pesenti yomxholo ophinde wasetyenziswa ifanelekile kwi-LEED MR Credit: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization — Sourcing of Raw Materials.
- Akukho mithi enzima yaseTropiki. Ukusebenzisa i-WPC endaweni ye-tropical hardwood cladding (Ipe, Cumaru, Balau) kuphelisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nempembelelo yezinto eziphilayo ezinxulumene nokuvunwa kwemithi ye-tropical. Oku kuhambelana neekhredithi ze-BREEAM MAT 03 (Responsible Sourcing).
- Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ekupheleni kobomi.Ugquma lwe-WPC lunokucolwa luze luphinde lukhutshwe lube yinto entsha Imveliso yeWpcs ekupheleni kobomi — ngokungafaniyo nophahla lwemithi oluphathwe ngezithinteli, ekufuneka zilahlwe njengenkunkuma eyingozi kwiindawo ezininzi.
Ngenxa yokuba i-WPC cladding yenziwe ngemilambo yenkunkuma (ifayibha yomthi ephinda isetyenziswe kunye neplastiki ephinda isetyenziswe), ijongana neemfuno zoqoqosho olujikelezayo eziya zifuneka ngakumbi kwiinkcukacha zokuthengwa koluntu lwaseYurophu.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Isebenza njani i-WPC co-extrusion cladding kwiindawo ezibandayo kakhulu ezifana neScandinavia?
I-WPC co-extrusion cladding isebenza kakuhle xa kubanda kakhulu kuba i-polymer matrix ayibi brittle xa kushushu ngaphantsi kwe-zero — ubushushu bokutshintsha kweglasi ye-HDPE binder bumalunga ne--120°C. I-cladding yethu ivavanyiwe ukuba i-freeze-thaw cycling ngokwe-EN 15534 (ii-cycles ezili-100 ukusuka kwi--20°C ukuya kwi-+20°C ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okubonakalayo, ukugoba, okanye ukwahlulahlula). Umaleko we-cap ugcina ukuthembeka kwawo nge-thermal cycling, eyiyona ndlela iphambili yokusilela kweemveliso ze-WPC zesizukulwana sokuqala ngaphandle kwe-co-extrusion. Abafaki kumazwe aseNordic kufuneka bagcine umsantsa wokwandiswa we-3-5mm kwiziphelo zebhodi ukuze bamkele intshukumo yobushushu (i-WPC yanda malunga ne-1.5-2.0mm ngemitha nganye ethe tyaba kunye nobushushu obujikelezayo be-30°C).
Ngaba i-WPC cladding ingapeyintwa okanye idaywe ukuze itshintshe umbala emva kokufakwa?
Nangona i-WPC cladding inokwamkela ipeyinti okanye ibala, andiyicebisi. Umaleko we-co-extrusion cap wenzelwe ngokukodwa ukumelana nokunamathela kwe-surface coatings - yiyo le nto eyenza ukuba ingagcinwa kakuhle kwasekuqaleni. Ukufaka ipeyinti okanye ibala akuyi kubopha ngokuthembekileyo kumphezulu we-cap kwaye kuya kuhluba kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-1-2. Ukuba ufuna umbala othile, oda i-cladding kuloo mbala ngexesha lokwenziwa. Uluhlu lwethu lwemibala oluqhelekileyo luquka iipateni ezisi-8 zeenkuni (i-oki, i-walnut, i-teak, i-cedar, i-charcoal, i-slate grey, i-weathered wood, kunye ne-whitewash), kwaye imibala eyenziwe ngokwezifiso iyafumaneka kwii-odolo ezingaphezulu kwee-5,000 square metres.
Ithini ireyithingi yomlilo ye-standard WPC cladding ngaphandle kwezongezo ezithintela umlilo?
I-WPC cladding eqhelekileyo engenazo izongezo ezithintela umlilo idla ngokufikelela kuvavanyo lwe-Euroclass D-s1,d0 okanye C-s1,d0 phantsi kwe-EN 13501-1, olufana nolwase-softwood olunganyangwanga. Kwizakhiwo zorhwebo ezifuna uphononongo oluphezulu lomlilo (Udidi B okanye olungcono), chaza indlela yethu yokulungisa umlilo efikelela kuvavanyo lwe-B-s1,d0. EMantla Melika, i-WPC eqhelekileyo ifumana uvavanyo lwe-ASTM E84 Udidi A (isalathisi sokusasazeka komlilo 0-25). Soloko uqinisekisa ingxelo yovavanyo lomlilo kwimveliso ethile kunye nombala owu-odolayo, njengoko ii-pigment kunye neefomyula ze-cap layer zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza komlilo.
I-WPC cladding ijongana njani nokukhula kwezinto eziphilayo okufana nokungunda kunye ne-algae?
I-WPC co-extrusion cladding iyamelana kakhulu nokukhula kwezinto eziphilayo kuba umaleko we-polymer cap awuboneleli ngomthombo wokutya we-organic we-mold okanye i-algae spores. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezinomthunzi, ezimanzi rhoqo (iindonga ezijonge emantla kwiindawo ezifumileyo), i-biofilm yomphezulu inokukhula kuyo nayiphi na into yangaphandle. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ukucoca ngesisombululo sesepha esithambileyo kunye nebrashi ethambileyo kwanele - ngokungafaniyo ne-wood cladding, enokufuna unyango lweekhemikhali kunye nokuphinda itshixe ukususa i-mold efakwe ngaphakathi. Izongezo ze-fungicide kwi-WPC core compound zibonelela ngomaleko owongezelelweyo wokukhusela ekuboleni kwe-fungus ukuba umswakama ungena kumphetho osikiweyo okanye ekukrweleni.
I-Yida inika siphi isiqinisekiso sokufakelwa kwe-WPC co-extrusion cladding?
Sinikezela ngewaranti enomda yeminyaka eli-15 egubungela ukuqina kwesakhiwo, ukufiphala kombala (ngaphantsi kweeyunithi ezi-5 zeDelta E kwixesha lewaranti), kunye nokususwa komgangatho we-co-extrusion cap. Iwaranti isebenza xa i-cladding ifakiwe ngokwesikhokelo sethu sokufakela (kubandakanya ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo, ukubopha, kunye neenkcukacha zomsantsa wokwandiswa) kwaye ayigubungeli umonakalo obangelwa kukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga, impembelelo, okanye utshintsho olungagunyaziswanga. Sikwanikezela ngeendlela zokuqinisekisa ezongeziweyo zeminyaka engama-25 kwiiprojekthi ezidlula i-10,000 square metres. Amaxwebhu apheleleyo ewaranti, kuquka neengxelo zovavanyo nganye nganye. I-ICC-ES kunye ne-EN 15534, zibonelelwa ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye.